This essay discusses the basic research directions in ethnological reflection on religion, primarily in the so-called semiotic-structural paradigm. Studies conducted by scholars from the Moscow-Tartu semiotic school are presented. This includes scholars such as J. Łotman, B. Uspienski, A. Piatigorski, A. Zalizniak, W. Iwanow and W. Toporow. Scholarship in the field has also been inspired by the work of C. Lévi-Strauss and the sociology of religion, especially the work of E. Durkheim and S. Czarnowski. The author also considers the influence of these scholars on work carried out by Polish researchers: L. Stomma and R. Tomicki.
Keywords: folk religiosity, research, semiotics, semiotic-structural paradigm